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Аркаим
«Выдающееся археологическое событие 20 века» - именно такой статус отныне принадлежит факту появления на археологической карте мира Аркаима и «Страны городов». Такое решение приняли специалисты с мировыми именами. В период с 1998 по 2008 год в районе Южного Урала археологами была обнаружена раннегородская цивилизация. Ее возраст соответствует египетским пирамидам периода Среднего Царства, городской культуре Крита, поздним слоям знаменитых цивилизаций Индии - Хараппы и Мохенджо-Даро.
За невероятно большое количество археологических открытий 20 век принято называть золотым веком. Тем не менее, лишь несколько из ряда многочисленных находок археологов можно отнести к тем явлениям, которые могут дать миру ответы на самые сложные вопросы истории человечества. Как раз таким открытием является Аркаим. Факт его существования стал значимым звеном в оценке влияния индоевропейских племен срединной Евразии на мировой исторический процесс. Если рассматривать «Страну городов» через призму цивилизационного подхода, то можно утверждать о важном вкладе древних кочевых народов в мировую культуру. Ранее возможно было говорить лишь о влиянии традиционного (так называемого «цивилизационного пояса») на более северные регионы (Средняя Азия, Прикаспий и Причерноморье). Сейчас историки древности заявляют не только о встречном влиянии степных народов, но и об истоках достаточно крупных индоевропейских миграций, которые были зафиксированы в различных письменных источниках конца III-начала II тыс. до н.э.
Доказав историческую значимость Аркаима, исследователям удалось изменить в лучшую сторону отношение к археологии со стороны официальных властей. Аркаим — это единственный прецедент в истории СССР, когда археологический памятник стал причиной ликвидации крупной стройки республиканского значения (1990г.). В следующем году Аркаим и окружавшие его территории были объявлены частью известного на весь мир Ильменского заповедника. На данный момент практически окончены работы по созданию проекта национального парка на юге Челябинской области. Данный проект возможно решит проблемы, которые появились при обнаружении других памятников аркаимской цивилизации и определением границ их местонахождения.
В Аркаиме насчитывается более 70 археологических памятников
Поддержка со стороны благотворительного Фонда, финансирование из местного бюджета и помощь Министерства экономики позволили построить на Аркаиме научный городок, начать строительство здания музея «Природы и Человека», а также создать музей под открытым небом.
Столь редкий факт активного сохранения исторического наследия страны является результатом не только интеллектуальной деятельности исследователей и археологов, но и неоценимой помощи людей, стоящих во главе местных органов власти. Такое сочетание в сумме с почти безграничными возможностями нового времени в значительной степени обращены в будущее.
Ежегодно в Аркаим приезжают тысячи туристов, также здесь давно существует археологическая практика для студентов российских и зарубежных вузов. Помимо этого, Аркаим стал важным экологическим и культурным центром не только для местных жителей, но и для населения близ лежащих городов Южно-Уральского региона. Если говорить в целом о значении Аркаима, то его открытие, создание заповедника, - все это предоставило необычайно широкие возможности для создания и продвижения различных образовательных проектов, посвященных изучению не только древней истории региона, но и происхождения современных народов Урала, традиционного быта русских переселенцев и казачества, исторической экологии и современного природопользования.
Съемка Аркаима с самолёта
Заповедник Аркаим в ближайшем будущим станет отправной точкой по созданию и реализации основных положений стабильного развития Южного Урала, - утверждают эксперты Министерства экологии и природных ресурсов. Для этого в настоящий момент ведется масштабное исследовательская работа по проблемам колебания климата в эпоху голоцена, изучаются особенности региона в области почвоведения, палеоботаники, палеозоологии. Подробно анализируются факторы функционирования и гибели различных хозяйственно-культурных типов. Все это доказывает тот факт, что заповедник Аркаим является одной из наиболее изученных в природоведческом отношении территорий Российской Федерации.
Современные западные ученые утверждают о непричастности России к европейской идее. А Россия всегда была хранительницей общеевропейских ценностей, эти ценности создавались древнейшими народами именно на ее территории. Архитектура Аркаима и «Страны городов», жертвенные комплексы и погребальный обряд, все «тексты» аркаимской культуры являются ярким примером индоевропейской мифологии. Таким образом, Аркаим имеет не только региональное, но мировое значение.
В наши дни, когда столкновения между представителями различных культур происходят все чаще и чаще, наука должна подавать пример гуманитарного диалога цивилизаций. Лишь такой подход может привести в условиях современного цивилизационного кризиса к расширению горизонта собственного существования. Каждая из современных цивилизаций непременно должна рассматривать опыт других настоящих и исчезнувших культур как равноправный, необходимо признавать принцип равенства в истории.
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Опубликованно: 19 октября 2008 20:04.
Опубликованно: 19 октября 2008 20:04.
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