Новое исследование ученых показывает, что на планетах отшельниках, потерявших свою звезду, даже без источника тепла может в течение миллиардов лет сохраняться жидкая вода - необходимое условие для появления жизни.
Авторы исследования, Дориан Эббот и Эрик Швитцер из Чикагского университета, решили выяснить, может ли на планете, лишенной внешних источников тепла и света, все-таки сохраниться жизнь. Планет-отшельников, по словам авторов, достаточно много, и они не являются такой уж редкостью во Вселенной. Они теряют связь со своей звездой, когда рядом с ними проходят планеты-гиганты наподобие Юпитера, гравитация которых может выбросить более мелкие планеты на нестабильную орбиту. В какой-то момент такая планета может вырваться из уз гравитации своей звезды и отправиться в самостоятельное путешествие по космосу.
В рамках своего проекта ученые рассмотрели, за какое время на гипотетических планетах с массой от 0,1 до 10 масс Земли и приблизительно таким же соотношением воды и суши, как на нашей планете, замерзнет вся вода. Оказалось, что благодаря теплу, выделяемому при распаде радиоактивных веществ, под неизбежно образующейся снаружи коркой льда может в течение длительного времени сохраняться слой жидкой воды толщиной в несколько километров. Так, например, на планете с массой около 3,5 земных вода будет оставаться в жидком состоянии в течение 5 миллиардов лет. Однако если доля воды в массе планеты будет очень высока и она будет обладать мощной атмосферой, то масса планеты может составлять всего около 0,3 земной массы для того, что бы в ее глубинах могла быть жидкая вода.
Отметим, правда, что эти выводы ученых являются чисто теоретическими, и пока нет прямых доказательств существования подобных планет-отшельников.
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Опубликованно: 13 февраля 2011 23:33.
Опубликованно: 13 февраля 2011 23:33.
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