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Рядом с марсианскими вулканами может быть «погребена» внеземная жизнь
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Следы жизни на Марсе следует искать в районах вечной мерзлоты в окрестностях вулканов, ведь там не так давно в процессе извержения могли образовываться термальные оазисы считает группа ученых под руководством Давида Гиличинского, заведующего лабораторией криологии почв из Института физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения РАН.
Однако, как отмечают ученый, между земной и марсианской вечной мерзлотой велика разница в сроках: если самая древняя мерзлота в Арктике существует три миллиона лет, то на Марсе - три миллиарда лет. «Мы - очень отдаленная модель Марса. Доказано, что в течение примерно трех миллионов лет жизнь сохраняется, но вот срок в три миллиарда лет вызывает сомнения. Фундаментальный вопрос в данном случае: сколь долго вообще жизнь может сохраняться?» По словам исследователей, они могут «приблизить» земную мерзлоту к марсианской, если будут изучать «сухие долины» в Антарктиде, где может быть обнаружена мерзлота на порядок древнее арктической и где уже сейчас найдена мерзлота возрастом восемь миллионов лет.
«Нами подготовлен совместный с новозеландскими коллегами исследовательский проект в этой сфере, и мы надеемся, что в этом году он будет утвержден окончательно», - сообщают учёные. С другой стороны, известно, что на Марсе можно попытаться обнаружить более «молодую» мерзлоту. Для этого весьма перспективным объектом являются вулканы в зоне мерзлоты. Из истории известно, что извержения проплавляли заледеневшую кору, в результате чего формировались термальные водные оазисы, и мерзлота, которая сформировалась там, намного моложе. Последние данные зонда «Марс-Экспресс» зафиксировали новые молодые вулканы на Марсе, которые извергались от 2 до 15 миллионов лет назад. Есть смысл рассматривать эти вулканы как место посадки для дальнейшего изучения.
До настоящего времени, более 4 миллиардов лет назад, Марс был теплой и влажной планетой, однако в результате периода сильной бомбардировки крупными метеоритами потерял значительную часть своей атмосферы и превратился в холодную и сухую пустыню. Речные долины, свидетельствующие о постоянном присутствии жидкой воды на поверхности Марса, формировались в ранней истории планеты, на рубеже Ноевой и Гесперийской эры (около 3,5 миллиардов лет назад) и до того, как климат в Амазонийскую эру претерпел резкие изменения, став значительно более холодным и сухим. Ранее сообщалось, что исследователи обнаружили свидетельства, указывающие на возможность формирования долин в значительно более поздние эпохи. Они описали долины, расположенные в кратере Лио в средних широтах северного полушария Марса, которые возникли в период с середины до поздней стадии Амазонийской эры, которая началась около 1,8 миллиарда лет назад и продолжается до сих пор. Эти долины, по их мнению, образовывались в результате таяния подповерхностного льда и простираются до 50 километров в длину, следуя неровностям поверхности.
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Опубликованно: 10 февраля 2011 0:05.
Опубликованно: 10 февраля 2011 0:05.
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